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Sunday 29 June 2008

How Do Hydrogen Fuel Systems Work

Alternative sources of fuel are of interest not only to high class research firms but also to the average consumer. Rising gas prices have forced everyone, save the extravagantly rich, to make sacrifices and find new ways to power their vehicles. The widespread desire to save on gas has led to the increased purchasing of hybrid and electric cars.

For those that do not have the ability to switch vehicles, improving current transportation's efficiency is the only option left. To date, the most effective way to drastically increase gas mileage is to install a hydrogen fuel system, which employs only water to function.

Hydrogen is created through the electrolysis of water. Electricity is taken from the car battery and used as the catalyst to stimulate electrolysis. The hydrogen created burns much more cleanly than regular fuel and increases the efficiency of gasoline. Only about twenty percent of the energy released by burning gas goes in to moving a vehicle; the other eighty percent is lost to heat and other energy forms. A water system enables the engine to harness more usable power. When people think of alternative fuels, gasoline is never on the list. However, if the fuel could be made to work at nearly one hundred percent efficiency, there would be no oil crisis.

The benefits of installing a hydrogen fuel system in to your vehicle are numerous and significant. Improved gas mileage is the first and most obvious advantage. Helping the environment is vital as well, as a destroyed ecosystem is harmful to everything, including humans. Your engine will last a lot longer, as water is consistently rejuvenating to it. Minuscule amounts of water need to be used; in fact, you can use the same liter of water for months, as water contains thousands of times more energy than oil. Finally, one will notice a considerable decrease in noise and an increase in driving smoothness, which are signs of how excellent the water system really is.

Initial costs for constructing and installing a system vary, depending on whether you purchase a conversion kit and/or pay a mechanic to perform the installation for you. At the lowest level, conversions can run as low as one hundred and fifty dollars. Of course, the fuel for the system, water, does not cost any money at all. Installation is safe and does not void a vehicle's warranty, and a water fuel system can be removed at any time for any reason. One usually saves more than they spent after only a few months of water fuel utilization.

Like with any innovation, there are critics of using water for fuel. Some say that the process violates the laws of physics; that because energy in equals energy out, there is no way consuming water could yield any positive results. Recall that the ultimate purpose of a water system is to increase the efficiency of gasoline. Water cannot be used for fuel alone; it needs to be paired with gasoline.

In any case, it is clear that hydrogen fuel systems are effective, as hundreds of thousands of people have already invested in conversion kits. In fact, it is predicted that within the next decade, a majority of vehicles will come standard with some kind of water fuel system, thus easing many countries dependence on oil.

Ref:http://www.articlesbase.com/technology-articles/how-do-hydrogen-fuel-systems-work-465686.html

The Birth of the Mobile Phone

These days, everybody has a mobile phone. Whether they are on a contract or a pay as you go tariff, the mobile phone has become an essential item for many people. This article will look at the history of the mobile phone - as well as its future - in order to tell you a little more about the now-essential telecommunications device.

Mobile phones started life when several mobile radio users, known as the mobileers, popularised the use of mobile phone technology. Mobile telephones were initially installed in vehicles permanently, although more sophisticated versions of them, that were called transportables, could also be carried, which meant that they could be used as a mobile or as portable two-way radio. During the early 1940s, Motorola developed a two-way radio in a backpack, the walkie talkie, and this was generally regarded as one of the first mobiles.

The very earliest mobile phones were dubbed first generation phones, also referred to as 1G. The 1-G reign lasted from the late seventies through to the eighties. These items were the first real mobile phones, although they were then named cellular mobile radio telephones, & were based on analogue signalling. The analogue signal was the main difference between these first generation mobile phones & their second-generation cousins, which came out a few years later.

Second generation, also known as 2G mobile telephones were introduced in the nineties. 2G telephone systems were characterised by their use of digital circuit switched transmission and the introduction of advanced and fast telephone to network signalling.

The birth of 2G systems saw telephones move from historic 1-G telephones to small hand held items, which were much more portable. This change was possible through technological developments, including more advanced batteries and energy saving electronics.

The second-generation mobile telephones had a number of advantages over 1-G devices. These included text messaging, which initially became possible on GSM networks and was later available on most digital networks. The very earliest machine-sent message was sent in the UK in 1991, while the very earliest person to person SMS message was sent in Finland in 1993. SMS text messaging soon became the preferred method of communication and the general public now prefer sending messages to making regular voice calls.

Following 2-G mobile telephones, 3G mobile telephone technologies arrived. 3G is the term given to the third generation of mobile telephone standards & technology. 3G technologies permit network operators such as 02 & 3 to offer their clients a larger range of advanced services, including video calls, & broadband wireless internet.

The very earliest 3G network was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan in May 2001. It was launched commercially in Japan on October 1 2001. The very earliest European pre commercial 3G network was launched on the Isle of Man by Manx Telecom, who are owned by BT, in December 2001.

4-G technology will give mobile phones a new lease of life, potentially offering the live streaming of TV & radio shows and much more besides. For mobile phones, it appears that the sky is the limit.

Ref: http://www.articlesbase.com/technology-articles/the-birth-of-the-mobile-phone-465789.html

The Wonderful Invention of Modern Mobile Phones

These days, our the mobile phone are essential to us that it's hard to picture life without them. However, they're a quite new invention. this article traces the history of mobile phones and questions what the future holds for it.

Mobile telephones started life whena number of users of mobile radio, known as the mobileers, popularised mobile phone technology. Mobile telephones were initially installed in vehicles permanently, although later versions of the radio, that were called transportables, could also be carried, which meant that they could be used as a mobile or as moveable two-way radio. during the early 1940s, Motorola developed a two-way radio in a bag, the walkie talkie, & this was widely regarded as one of the first mobile phones.

The earliest mobile phones are now called first generation (1g) mobile phones.

The first hand held phone to be released on the us market was the Motorola DynaTAC 8000X in 1983. the mobile phone began to become popular in the 1980s with the introduction of cellphones that were based on cellular networks. mobile telephones were initially much bigger than current ones, & they were initially designed for installation in vehicles only, which is why they were called the car phone. these chunky units were later transformed for use as transportable telephones the size of a briefcase & the rest is history.

Second generation, also called 2-g, mobile telephones were introduced in the 1990s. 2-g telephone systems were characterised by their use of digital circuit switched transmission & the introduction of advanced & fast telephone to network signalling.

The introduction of 2-g systems saw telephones move from wonderful 1g telephones to teeny hand held items, which were far more moveable. this change was possible through developments in technology including more advanced batteries & energy efficient electronics.

The second generation mobile telephones had severaladvantages over 1g items. These included sms messaging, which became possible on gsm networks initially & eventually on all digital networks. the very first machine-sent message was sent in the uk in 1991. the very first person to person message was sent in finland in 1993. sms messaging soon became the communication method of preference & the general public prefer sending text messages to making voice calls.

After 2g mobile telephones, 3g mobile telephone technology arrived. 3-g is the name given to the third generation of mobile telephone standards and technology.

3-g technologies let network operators such as 02 and 3 to offer their customers a bigger range of advanced services, which include video calls, and broadband internet.

The very earliest 3-g network was launched by NTT DoCoMo in japan in may of 2001. it was launched commercially in japan on 1 october 2001. the very earliest European pre commercial 3g network was launched at the isle of man by Manx Telecom, who are owned by bt, in December 2001.

We hope our article has let you know more about the mobile phone's history. As you've probably realised, the mobile telephone's come a hell of a long way and will probably continue to go on even further.

4-g technology will certainly give the mobile phone a new lease of life, promising live streaming of tv and radio shows & much more. For mobile phones, it is clear that the sky's the limit.

Ref:http://www.articlesbase.com/technology-articles/the-wonderful-invention-of-modern-mobile-phones-465839.html

Sunday 22 June 2008

Why It Is Best To Shop Around When Buying A HDTV

TV, and the media, the adverts, and all the billboard posters have made us become creatures needing instant gratification. Though this gratification is great, it can leave us with a choice that doesn't benefit us. In this article, discover the benefits of shopping around when buying a HDTV set.

We all have done it. Seen something on TV, an offer, and we have rushed to the store to purchase the item. Millions of people are doing this with the high definition televisions they buy, but this may not be the best option.

The first benefit of shopping around for a HDTV to buy is that of the potential savings that you could make by simply shopping around. If you consider that buying a HDTV set can cost over thousand dollars, the research to save a few hundred dollars can make all the difference. And is worth making that hour or two research time needed to find the best deals on a HD TV set.

The first way that you can find these savings when you buy a HDTV set, is by looking at more than one store when shopping for a HDTV set. Generally you will find that there is a marked difference between the high definition television retail outlets. Though this saving you can make on discount HDTV's is small in comparison, it still can be worthwhile if the only thing you have to do is go to several stores in a shopping mall.

The other option, which is becoming more accepted, is that of first looking at a local retail store to get an idea of which brand and model of high definition television to buy, and with a target price look online. Online is becoming more popular to buy HDTV sets because of the price advantage, and also the advantage of getting the HD TV delivered straight to your home. It can be problematic if the TV does not fit in the car, and also you don't have to do so much lifting and carrying.

There are big price differences when buying a HDTV online verses buying from a retail store. For example many retail stores that has online shopping will give greater discounts online than offline. It works better for you and the store, because they don't have to pay a salesman to make the sale, so they save on commissions they have to pay, and what is more it is more streamlined without them needing to occupy as much retail space.

There is a need to do research online, however. Making sure that the seller is local to your country is a key consideration, as a great offer from another country could soon add up with the shipping and handling charges added on top. And this option could mean that the HD TV takes much more time to arrive.

Finding a HD TV seller online that resides in your country can have big benefits, and you may not have to wait too long to get your high definition TV. For example many stores offer next day delivery, so you could place your order today, and have your brand new HDTV tomorrow, giving you the best of the latest high definition technology.

Ref.http://www.articlesbase.com/technology-articles/why-it-is-best-to-shop-around-when-buying-a-hdtv-454369.html

All About The Sound Technology

Sound is produced when an object moves or vibrates. Without movement there could be no sound. Sound Forge software allows you to edit, record, encode, and master nearly any form of digital audio including WAV, AIFF, and MP3.

Whether you're new to editing audio or you're a seasoned audio engineer, there is a Sound Forge product that is right for you. Sound Ergonomics brings together 2 leading experts in the study and application of ergonomics to the ultrasound profession.

Sound systems at most of the stages are better than many of the small clubs I?ve been to. The atmosphere is a cross between a carnival and New York Noise , with a bunch of friendly hippies thrown in for good measure. Sound waves can also travel trough liquids and solids. The velocity of a sound wave depends on the temperature of the medium and its elasticity (more elasticity means that molecules will move easily).

Sound accompanies us and can tell us where we are and who we're with. Sound is produced from the flute when the player blows across the mouthpiece, causing vibration of the column. This image shows how the sound waves of different instruments might look. Sounds share the problems of secondary qualities: does a tree falling alone in the forest make any sound? See primary/secondary qualities .

Sound is a waveform that travels through matter. Although it is commonly associated in air, sound will readily travel through many materials such as water and steel. Sound propagates as waves of alternating pressure , causing local regions of compression and rarefaction .

Particles in the medium are displaced by the wave and oscillate. Sound Forge 9 software has a complete set of tools for recording audio. Record straight into your sound card or use the Record Timer to begin and end a session at a specific time and date.

Sounds of frequencies above the range of normal human hearing, higher than about 20,000 Hz, are called ultrasonic . Sound is transmitted through gases, plasma, and liquids as longitudinal waves , also called compression waves.

Through solids, however, it can be transmitted as both longitudinal and transverse waves . Sound is a type of waveform . This means that you can draw a sound as a graph , with the x-axis (the horizontal one) representing time and the y-axis (the vertical one) representing the position of whatever's making the sound.

Music has been written for such a glass harmonica. A bent saw blade, whistles, horns and sirens are other possibilities. Music fans will be able to purchase higher quality DRM-free digital music for personal use, and listen to it on a wide range of digital music players and music-enabled phones.

Sound waves propagate in all or most directions from a sounding object, but the corresponding sounds are not actually heard as propagating in any direction: the only moving sounds are the sounds emitted by a moving source. It follows that if sounds were sound waves in this sense, we would not be hearing them as they are. Sound appraisal staff have the use of several data sources, both public and private.

Ref:http://www.articlesbase.com/technology-articles/all-about-the-sound-technology-454936.html

Our Beautiful Home Object Called Television

Television is an invention that has beamed defining moments such as the 1969 Moon landing to the world, involving people in the moments when history is made.

When major sporting events (such as the World Cup and the Olympics) are shown on TV, the audience has to be measured in the hundreds of millions. Television systems are assembled out of numerous parts so a telly screen that is missing an internal tuner to receive the broadcast signals is labeled as a monitor rather than a telly.

As the future is here, televisions have advanced on hugely and technology has advanced, tellies in recent times are made to collect diverse broadcasts or video arrangements, such as high definition TVs universally referred to as HDTV. Television on demand is helping customers watch television the way they want to. It?s revolutionizing the way we all watch television.

Digitized news broadcasts and special news-related programming from CNN, such as political campaigns, news conferences, and presidential speeches, are viewable with the RealOne media player. Also includes more than 9,000 hours of special news-related programming including ABC's Nightline since 1989. Digital TV is our gift to the next generation. It is surely as important as the transition from black and white to color.

Television has its part, including the flotation on the stock exchange of the three broadcast channels. The cable market is also to be opened up to foreign investors, who in practice have managed secretly to take control of more than 20% of some operators capital.

Television was new to our generation only it was a great deal more than entertainment. It was an education the stars . Television entertains, informs and makes us think, with drama, comedy, documentary and news. If you're wanting to know more about TV in New Zealand, read on for your guide to television viewing in New Zealand.

Television used to be shown via cable, satellite, or terrestrial systems. Today, with the increase in Internet connection speeds and advancements in technology, the increase of people online, and the decrease in connection continue.

Commercials have become inseparable part of broadcasting and live coverage. Even favorite movies are interrupted by short ad. Commercial Culture is the most comprehensive analysis of the media as they evolve in a technological age. It will be of great appeal to general readers interested in mass communications, as well as professionals and scholars studying American mass media.

Film festivals will almost always list your description in their festival program in order to inform festival goers of the content of the shows. So it?s really important that you describe your film with care. Films classified as objectionable cannot be broadcast without the Chief Censors consent.

The second sentence however, if correct, seems to blend the classification regime with the offence regime to give the Classification Office jurisdiction over television broadcasting neither the Office nor the Broadcasting Standards Authority thought it had.

Television inspired artists, hard core punk created a subculture of nostalgics (unless one considers Husker Du hard core, then we have an exception). Television is big business. No, let's not understate it: television is very big business. Television should thrive on this competition, and the country should benefit from alternative sources of service to the public.

Ref:http://www.articlesbase.com/technology-articles/our-beautiful-home-object-called-television-454944.html

At Threat to National Security; Improper Document Shredding

The next time you stand by the office paper shredder absentmindedly feeding outdated or sensitive documents through, keep in mind that insufficient document shredding was a key factor in one of the largest US hostage crises in history.

In November of 1979 fifty two US citizens were taken hostage after a group of angry students took over the US Embassy in Iran. Although the student's (calling themselves Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line) initial plan was to hold the hostages for only a few days, a week max, the US hostages were finally released on January 20, 1981, 444 days later.

What was the reason for the prolonged captivity? Insufficient document shredding. Really. After the recently fallen Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, was allowed into the United States for cancer treatment, 300 to 500 angry Iranian students stormed the US embassy in Tehran, convinced that the embassy was a center of opposition to the new government and "Satan's den of espionage."

Shortly after taking over the building, radical revolutionary students reconstructed and displayed confidential documents that U.S. diplomats and office personnel had frantically shredded as they were being invaded. This rushed document shredding job proved disastrous, as is helped strengthen radical Iranian claims that the U.S. was working in conjunction with Iranian moderates to destabilize the new regime. The Iranian regime later published the recovered documents in a series of books called "Documents from the US espionage Den".

Another notorious disaster fueled by incompetent document shredding was the 2001 Enron accountancy scandal. Much of the incriminating evidence in the Enron scandal was gathered from shredded documents, as many of the documents in the Enron accountancy scandal were fed through the shredder the wrong way (parallel rather than perpendicular to the shredder blades) making them easier to reassemble.

Since these incidences of major breaches in security, whether the outcomes were positive or negative, there is a high demand for more secure methods of sensitive document shredding. Following the Iranian hostage crisis of 1979 the U.S. government has employed document shredding techniques including pulverizing, pulping, and chemical decomposition.

Many companies and offices no longer handle their own document shredding with common office paper shredders that have proven to be so unreliable. Instead of risking having their shredding documents stolen and reconstructed, making all kinds of sensitive and private information available, many companies choose to outsource their document shredding to shredding services.

These companies either shred on-site, with mobile shredder trucks or have off-site shredding facilities. All shredded paper is then sent to a paper mill where the material is recycled and turned back into paper. This gives the peace of mind of knowing that all confidential material stays confidential, with no risk of unauthorized eyes finding and publicizing your companies' or your clients' private information.

Ref:http://www.articlesbase.com/technology-articles/at-threat-to-national-security-improper-document-shredding-455853.html

If You Are Considering Buying A LCD HD Television Read This

Unless you have been on a desert island for the last few years, you will be aware of the rise of the LCD HDTV format. There are advertisements for them everywhere and you probably know of several friends that have them already. If you have not yet considered buying a LCD HDTV, then perhaps now is the time that you should. Prices are getting lower and if you do your research you can get a great deal.

It is not until you see a LCD HDTV in reality that you realize the difference in visual quality to standard televisions of the past. The market data seems to indicate that LCD HDTV's are here to stay. In 2007 sales of LCD televisions surpassed the standard format for the first time.

Should you decide to purchase a LCD HDTV then you probably have a few queries. This article will help you understand the most commonly asked questions about them. LCD HDTV means Liquid Crystal Display High Definition Television. These televisions are thinner and flatter than the standard models of the past and are comprised of a fixed number of colors or pixels that shine in front of a light source. High Definition Television is a digital system that has a much higher resolution than standard models.

So as you can see, the LCD HDTV provides a far superior television than the more conventional systems. In comparison to the standard television models there are a great deal of benefits. A LCD HDTV is thinner and flatter and this allows you to place one in a small room without compromising space. Many people like to fix the LCD HDTV to a wall as this helps to maximize the living space even more.

One of the great things about these HDTV's is that they provide theater-like visual and sound quality. They are almost always in wide screen with the aspect ratio set at 16:9, which is the same as a movie theater screen. All HDTV's are also capable of using Dolby Digital Surround.

Perhaps the best feature of an LCD HDTV is the picture quality. When you see the picture for the first time you are struck by the sharpness of the picture and the amount of detail in comparison to a standard television. The images in a HDTV are twice as sharp as that of a conventional model. This is because it uses a greater lineal resolution that makes the image appear more lifelike and provides richer colors. This technology also greatly reduces interference as the HDTV signal does not display lines or snowing on the picture.

Should you purchase a HDTV and then plug it in at home you may be disappointed to only get a standard picture. In order to receive the full benefits of an LCD HDTV you will need to get a HD receiver and the HD channels.

The most important factor beforehand is finding out whether you can get a HD source. In order to receive the HD signal you need to check the satellite or cable provider in your city for further details.

Assuming this to be the case, you will then need to purchase a HD box so that you can start to receive the high-definition signal. Most providers are launching new versions of popular channels in high-definition all the time so once you are set up then you will be able to enjoy the complete visual and audio experience that the LCD HDTV provides.

Ref:http://www.articlesbase.com/technology-articles/if-you-are-considering-buying-a-lcd-hd-television-read-this-457152.html